Practical, Inexpensive, Nanosecond Time-accuracy Using Gps

This paper investigates a method for achieving timing accuracy of approximately 3ns using low-cost, low-power components suitable for use in embedded systems. After developing an error model and a prototype costing $440 and consisting of an Oncore M12+ GPS receiver, an uncompensated 33MHz oscillator, and an Altera Cyclone Programmable Logic Device, testing indicated shortterm frequency stability on the order of 1.5x10 seconds with the full system only consuming 1.7W from a 5V supply. Further testing is required to fully characterize this approach.